document_7165010401
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Confirmation-48628*Rlk2
কংগ্রেস একটি রাজবংশ-চালিত দল বলে প্রায়শ আক্রমণ করে থাকে প্রতিপক্ষ বিজেপি। আর এবার গান্ধী পরিবারই নির্বাচন থেকে দূরে থাকার সিদ্ধান্ত নিয়েছে। ১৯৯৮ সালে সোনিয়া গান্ধীকে সভাপতি করার জন্য পদত্যাগ করেছিলেন সীতারাম কেশরী। এরপর ২৪ বছর পর অ-গান্ধী সভাপতি পাচ্ছে কংগ্রেস। ভারতের স্বাধীনতা সংগ্রামে উল্লেখযোগ্য ভূমিকা রাখা দলটিতে গান্ধী পরিবারের বাইরে ১১ জন সভাপতি ছিলে একজন প্রত্যক্ষদর্শী সাংবাদিক জানান, শহরটির ওরেখোভো গাড়ি বাজারের মাটিতে বা গাড়ির ভেতরে এখনো মৃতদেহগুলো পড়ে আছে। ক্ষেপণাস্ত্রের আঘাতে বাজারের গাড়ির দুটি লাইনের কাছে একটি গর্ত তৈরি হয়েছে। জাপোরিঝজিয়ায় ইউক্রেনীয় গভর্নর টেলিগ্রামে লিখেছেন, এ পর্যন্ত ২৩ জন নিহত ও ২৮ জন আহত হয়েছে। সবাই বেসামরিক। ক্ষেপণাস্ত্রের বিস্ফোরণে চারদিকে ধ্বংসাবশেষ ছড়িয়ে ছিটিয়ে পড়ে, শার্পনেলের আঘাতে গাড়িগুলো ঝাঁঝড়া হয়ে যায়। বহরের অধিকাংশ গাড়ি ও তিনটি মাইক্রোবাসের জানালা উড়ে যায়। পুলিশ ও জরুরি বিভাগের কর্মীরা হতাহতদের সরিয়ে নিতে ঘটনাস্থলে উপস্থিত হন। কংগ্রেস একটি রাজবংশ-চালিত দল বলে প্রায়শ আক্রমণ করে থাকে প্রতিপক্ষ বিজেপি। আর এবার গান্ধী পরিবারই নির্বাচন থেকে দূরে থাকার সিদ্ধান্ত নিয়েছে। ১৯৯৮ সালে সোনিয়া গান্ধীকে সভাপতি করার জন্য পদত্যাগ করেছিলেন সীতারাম কেশরী। এরপর ২৪ বছর পর অ-গান্ধী সভাপতি পাচ্ছে কংগ্রেস। ভারতের স্বাধীনতা সংগ্রামে উল্লেখযোগ্য ভূমিকা রাখা দলটিতে গান্ধী পরিবারের বাইরে ১১ জন সভাপতি ছিলে একজন প্রত্যক্ষদর্শী সাংবাদিক জানান, শহরটির ওরেখোভো গাড়ি বাজারের মাটিতে বা গাড়ির ভেতরে এখনো মৃতদেহগুলো পড়ে আছে। ক্ষেপণাস্ত্রের আঘাতে বাজারের গাড়ির দুটি লাইনের কাছে একটি গর্ত তৈরি হয়েছে। জাপোরিঝজিয়ায় ইউক্রেনীয় গভর্নর টেলিগ্রামে লিখেছেন, এ পর্যন্ত ২৩ জন নিহত ও ২৮ জন আহত হয়েছে। সবাই বেসামরিক। ক্ষেপণাস্ত্রের বিস্ফোরণে চারদিকে ধ্বংসাবশেষ ছড়িয়ে ছিটিয়ে পড়ে, শার্পনেলের আঘাতে গাড়িগুলো ঝাঁঝড়া হয়ে যায়। বহরের অধিকাংশ গাড়ি ও তিনটি মাইক্রোবাসের জানালা উড়ে যায়। পুলিশ ও জরুরি বিভাগের কর্মীরা হতাহতদের সরিয়ে নিতে ঘটনাস্থলে উপস্থিত হন। On 12 April 2022, Sunak was issued with a fixed penalty notice after the Metropolitan Police believed he had breached COVID lockdown restrictions by attending a birthday রয়টার্স জানিয়েছে, গাড়িগুলো আরোহীদের জিনিসপত্র, কম্বল ও সুইকেসে ভরা ছিল। হলুদ রঙের একটি গাড়ির চালকের আসনে বসা এক ব্যক্তির মৃতদেহ কাত হয়ে যাত্রীর আসনে পড়ে আছে, তার বাম হাত তখনও গাড়ির স্টিয়ারিং হুইল ধরে আছে। In 1912–13, Burnley were promoted to the First Division—as the country's top scorers with 88 goals—and reached the FA Cup semi-finals for the first time but lost to Sunderland after a replay. The next season, the team consolidated their place in the top flight and won their first major honour, the FA Cup, after a 1–0 win against Liverpool in the final at Crystal Palace.[16][27] Bert Freeman scored the only goal as Burnley became the first side to beat five First Division clubs in one cup season.[28] Burnley's captain Tommy Boyle received the FA Cup trophy from King George V; it was the first time a reigning monarch attended an FA Cup final.[28] During this period, Turf Moor's capacity was increased to 50,000, almost equal to the town's male population.[4][29] A black and white picture of a football team posing behind a football trophy Team photograph of the Championship-winning side of the 1920–21 season The team finished fourth in 1914–15 before English football was suspended during the First World War.[30] First team players Jonathan Brown, William Pickering, reserve players William Johnson, Harry Langtree and Alfred Lorrimer were killed during the conflict, while Teddy Hodgson died after he contracted a kidney problem.[31] Upon resumption of full-time football in 1919–20, Burnley finished second to West Bromwich Albion and for the first time won the First Division championship in 1920–21.[16][32] Burnley lost the season's opening three matches before they went on a 30-match run without defeat, an English record for unbeaten league games in a single season that lasted until Arsenal went invincible during the 2003–04 FA Premier League season.[33] Burnley could not retain the title and finished third the next season, followed by a 15th place finish in 1922–23.[16] In February 1924, Burnley beat Huddersfield Town 1–0 in the FA Cup third round in front of 54,775 supporters, still the record for Turf Moor.[29][34] A few months later, Haworth died of pneumonia, and became the second Burnley manager to die while in the post; his successor was Burnley-born Albert Pickles.[17] Burnley struggled under his tenure and lost key player Bob Kelly to Sunderland in 1925; his transfer fee of £6,500 (equivalent to £390,000 in 2022[b]) broke the world record. The team avoided relegation by one point in 1925–26; Burnley lost 10–0 in their opening match against Aston Villa but won three of the last five games, including a 7–1 away win against Birmingham in which Louis Page scored a club record six goals.[35] Burnley attained a fifth-place finish in 1926–27—having led the championship for a brief spell during mid-season—but finished only 19th the next season, one point above the relegation zone. George Beel and Page scored 57 league goals between them during the latter season; Beel netted a club record 35 goals in the league.[35] In November 1927, Turf Moor hosted its only senior international fixture, between England and Wales for the British Home Championship. Burnley's Jack Hill captained England, while Page played as forward; Hill scored an own goal to give the visitors a 2–1 win.[4] Jerry Dawson, who holds the record for the most first team appearances in all competitions for Burnley with 569, retired in 1929 after 22 years at the club.[36] In 1929–30, the side were relegated to the Second Division on goal average.[g] A drop in home attendances coupled with financial problems saw the mid-season departure of key players Jack Bruton to Blackburn Rovers and Joe Devine to Newcastle United. Burnley's form remained inconsistent, and several long-term injuries to first team players resulted in relegation.[37] Burnley struggled in the Second Division and narrowly avoided further relegation in 1931–32 by two points; Beel, Burnley's all-time top goal scorer with 188 goals, left the club during the season. Gates at Turf Moor dropped under 5,000 in 1932; to reattract the interest of the local community, a supporters' club was formed, after which the attendances started to slightly improve.[38] The years before the outbreak of the Second World War were characterised by mid-table league finishes,[23] which were broken only by an FA Cup semi-final appearance in 1935.[39] During the same year, the club changed its kit to white shirts with black shorts.[3] In March 1936, Tommy Lawton became the youngest player to appear for the club, aged 16 years and 174 days on his debut against Doncaster Rovers; this also made him the Football League's then youngest ever centre-forward. After he scored 16 goals in 25 appearances for the side, Lawton moved to Everton in December 1936 for a fee of £6,500 (equivalent to £450,000 in 2022[b]), a then record for a player under 21.[40][41] The team participated in the Wartime League and the Football League War Cup which continued throughout the Second World War until English football was fully restored in 1946.[42] The club re-registered its colours as claret and blue in the same year, partly due to readers' letters to the Burnley Express.[3] Progressive and golden era (1946–1976) In 1946–47, the first season of post-war League football, Burnley took second place in the Second Division and gained promotion under manager Cliff Britton. The team's defence was nicknamed the "Iron Curtain", conceding only 29 goals in 42 league matches.[43] The season also saw a run to the 1947 FA Cup Final, but ended in a 1–0 defeat after extra time to Charlton Athletic at Wembley.[44] Burnley finished third in 1947–48; during the season, Turf Moor recorded its highest seasonal average attendance with 33,621, and the largest attendance at a league match with 52,869 against Blackpool.[45] Former Burnley player Alan Brown was appointed manager in 1954 and Bob Lord chairman a year later;[46][47] Lord was later described by Arthur Hopcraft as "the Khrushchev of Burnley" as a result of his combative attitude.[48] The club became one of the most progressive under their tenures.[49][50] Burnley was one of the first football clubs to set up a purpose-built training ground, at Gawthorpe in July 1955, and included a medical room, a gymnasium, three full-size pitches and an all-weather surface.[47][51][52] Brown helped to dig out the ground and "volunteered" several of his players to assist.[53] During the following years, the club became renowned for its youth policy and scouting system, which yielded many young, talented footballers. Their scouts—including Jack Hixon—were particularly based in North East England, Scotland and Northern Ireland.[49][54] Burnley's training ground at Gawthorpe Gawthorpe (2017 photograph) was one of the first purpose-built training grounds. In the 1955–56 season, Burnley reached the fourth round of the FA Cup, where they were knocked out by Chelsea after four replays.[55] On his senior debut in 1957, 17-year-old Ian Lawson scored a club record four goals against Chesterfield in the FA Cup third round.[56] In the next round, Burnley tied their largest victory when they beat New Brighton by a scoreline of 9–0. The side reached the sixth round but were eliminated by Aston Villa after a replay.[57] In 1958, former Burnley player Harry Potts was appointed manager.[57] His side mainly revolved around captain Jimmy Adamson and Jimmy McIlroy, the team's playmaker,[58] while his squad consisted mostly of players who were recruited from the club's youth academy. Only two players, McIlroy and Alex Elder, cost a transfer fee, with both players bought from Northern Irish club Glentoran for £8,000 (the equivalent of £292,000 as of 2022[b]) in 1950 and £5,000 (the equivalent of £124,000 as of 2022[b]) in January 1959, respectively.[49][59] Potts often employed the then unfashionable 4–4–2 formation and implemented a playing style which later became known as Total Football.[47][60] Jimmy Greaves labelled Burnley's style of play as "smooth, skilled football that was a warming advertisement for all that was best about British football".[47] The side endured a tense 1959–60 season, in which Tottenham Hotspur and Wolverhampton Wanderers were the other contenders for the league title. Burnley won their second First Division championship on the last day with a 2–1 victory at Manchester City with goals from Brian Pilkington and Trevor Meredith. Although Burnley had been in contention all season, they had not led the table until the last match was played.[61][h] The Daily Mirror noted: "Burnley, the team of quiet men—five of them are part-timers and the whole outfit cost less than £15,000—snatched the First Division Championship from the teeth of the famous Wolves".[63] With 80,000 inhabitants, the town of Burnley became one of the smallest to have an English first-tier champion.[49][a] After the season ended, the squad travelled to the United States to represent England in the International Soccer League, the first modern international American soccer tournament.[64][65] Burnley defeated Bayern Munich (West Germany), Glenavon (Northern Ireland) and Nice (France) but finished runners-up in the group stage behind Scottish side Kilmarnock.[65] As a result of their First Division title, Burnley played the following season in European competition for the first time in the 1960–61 European Cup. They defeated former finalists Stade de Reims in the first round but were eliminated by Hamburger SV in the quarter-finals.[66] Burnley shared the FA Charity Shield with Wolverhampton Wanderers,[i] finished fourth in the league, and reached the FA Cup semi-final but lost to Tottenham.[68][69] The team finished the 1961–62 First Division as runners-up to newly promoted Ipswich Town after they won only one of the last ten matches, and had a run to the 1962 FA Cup Final but lost against Tottenham.[70] Jimmy Robson scored the 100th FA Cup Final goal at Wembley but it was the only reply to Tottenham's three goals.[71] Adamson was named FWA Footballer of the Year, however, with McIlroy as runner-up.[70] The maximum wage in the Football League was abolished in 1961, which meant that clubs from small towns like Burnley could no longer compete financially with sides from bigger towns and cities.[47][72] The controversial departure of McIlroy to Stoke City in 1963[j] and Adamson's retirement in 1964 also damaged the club's fortunes.[73] Burnley retained their place in the First Division throughout the decade, however, finishing third in 1962–63 and 1965–66, with the club's Willie Irvine ending as the league's top goal scorer in the latter season.[16][75] As a result of the third place finish in the 1965–66 campaign, Burnley qualified for the 1966–67 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup.[76] After defeating Stuttgart, Lausanne Sports and Napoli, Burnley reached the quarter-finals of the competition, in which they were knocked out by West German side Eintracht Frankfurt. The team had a run to the League Cup semi-final in 1968–69 but were eliminated by Swindon Town after a replay.[16] After 12 years in the post, Potts stepped aside as manager and was replaced by Adamson in February 1970, who hailed his young squad as the "Team of the Seventies". Adamson was unable to halt the decline and the club was relegated in 1970–71.[77] It ended an unbroken top flight spell of 24 consecutive seasons during which Burnley had often finished in the top half of the league table. Burnley won the Second Division title in 1972–73, after they lost only four times in 42 matches.[16] As a result, the team were invited to play in the 1973 FA Charity Shield,[k] which they won against Manchester City, the reigning holders of the shield.[79] In the 1973–74 season, the side finished sixth in the First Division and reached the FA Cup semi-finals but lost to Newcastle United.[16] The following season, the team experienced a shock defeat in the FA Cup against Wimbledon, then in the Southern League, who defeated Burnley 1–0 at Turf Moor.[80] Adamson left Burnley in January 1976 and the team were relegated from the First Division later that year.[81] During this period, a drop in home attendances combined with an enlarged debt forced Burnley to sell star players such as Martin Dobson and Leighton James, which caused a rapid decline in the club's fortunes.[82] Decline and near oblivion (1976–1988)
Earn money participating in a clinical trial!
কংগ্রেস একটি রাজবংশ-চালিত দল বলে প্রায়শ আক্রমণ করে থাকে প্রতিপক্ষ বিজেপি। আর এবার গান্ধী পরিবারই নির্বাচন থেকে দূরে থাকার সিদ্ধান্ত নিয়েছে। ১৯৯৮ সালে সোনিয়া গান্ধীকে সভাপতি করার জন্য পদত্যাগ করেছিলেন সীতারাম কেশরী। এরপর ২৪ বছর পর অ-গান্ধী সভাপতি পাচ্ছে কংগ্রেস। ভারতের স্বাধীনতা সংগ্রামে উল্লেখযোগ্য ভূমিকা রাখা দলটিতে গান্ধী পরিবারের বাইরে ১১ জন সভাপতি ছিলে একজন প্রত্যক্ষদর্শী সাংবাদিক জানান, শহরটির ওরেখোভো গাড়ি বাজারের মাটিতে বা গাড়ির ভেতরে এখনো মৃতদেহগুলো পড়ে আছে। ক্ষেপণাস্ত্রের আঘাতে বাজারের গাড়ির দুটি লাইনের কাছে একটি গর্ত তৈরি হয়েছে। জাপোরিঝজিয়ায় ইউক্রেনীয় গভর্নর টেলিগ্রামে লিখেছেন, এ পর্যন্ত ২৩ জন নিহত ও ২৮ জন আহত হয়েছে। সবাই বেসামরিক। ক্ষেপণাস্ত্রের বিস্ফোরণে চারদিকে ধ্বংসাবশেষ ছড়িয়ে ছিটিয়ে পড়ে, শার্পনেলের আঘাতে গাড়িগুলো ঝাঁঝড়া হয়ে যায়। বহরের অধিকাংশ গাড়ি ও তিনটি মাইক্রোবাসের জানালা উড়ে যায়। পুলিশ ও জরুরি বিভাগের কর্মীরা হতাহতদের সরিয়ে নিতে ঘটনাস্থলে উপস্থিত হন। কংগ্রেস একটি রাজবংশ-চালিত দল বলে প্রায়শ আক্রমণ করে থাকে প্রতিপক্ষ বিজেপি। আর এবার গান্ধী পরিবারই নির্বাচন থেকে দূরে থাকার সিদ্ধান্ত নিয়েছে। ১৯৯৮ সালে সোনিয়া গান্ধীকে সভাপতি করার জন্য পদত্যাগ করেছিলেন সীতারাম কেশরী। এরপর ২৪ বছর পর অ-গান্ধী সভাপতি পাচ্ছে কংগ্রেস। ভারতের স্বাধীনতা সংগ্রামে উল্লেখযোগ্য ভূমিকা রাখা দলটিতে গান্ধী পরিবারের বাইরে ১১ জন সভাপতি ছিলে একজন প্রত্যক্ষদর্শী সাংবাদিক জানান, শহরটির ওরেখোভো গাড়ি বাজারের মাটিতে বা গাড়ির ভেতরে এখনো মৃতদেহগুলো পড়ে আছে। ক্ষেপণাস্ত্রের আঘাতে বাজারের গাড়ির দুটি লাইনের কাছে একটি গর্ত তৈরি হয়েছে। জাপোরিঝজিয়ায় ইউক্রেনীয় গভর্নর টেলিগ্রামে লিখেছেন, এ পর্যন্ত ২৩ জন নিহত ও ২৮ জন আহত হয়েছে। সবাই বেসামরিক। ক্ষেপণাস্ত্রের বিস্ফোরণে চারদিকে ধ্বংসাবশেষ ছড়িয়ে ছিটিয়ে পড়ে, শার্পনেলের আঘাতে গাড়িগুলো ঝাঁঝড়া হয়ে যায়। বহরের অধিকাংশ গাড়ি ও তিনটি মাইক্রোবাসের জানালা উড়ে যায়। পুলিশ ও জরুরি বিভাগের কর্মীরা হতাহতদের সরিয়ে নিতে ঘটনাস্থলে উপস্থিত হন। On 12 April 2022, Sunak was issued with a fixed penalty notice after the Metropolitan Police believed he had breached COVID lockdown restrictions by attending a birthday রয়টার্স জানিয়েছে, গাড়িগুলো আরোহীদের জিনিসপত্র, কম্বল ও সুইকেসে ভরা ছিল। হলুদ রঙের একটি গাড়ির চালকের আসনে বসা এক ব্যক্তির মৃতদেহ কাত হয়ে যাত্রীর আসনে পড়ে আছে, তার বাম হাত তখনও গাড়ির স্টিয়ারিং হুইল ধরে আছে। Ribaldry or blue comedy is humorous entertainment that ranges from bordering on indelicacy to indecency.[1] Blue comedy is also referred to as "bawdiness" or being "bawdy". Sex is presented in ribald material more for the purpose of poking fun at the foibles and weaknesses that manifest themselves in human sexuality, rather than to present sexual stimulation either overtly or artistically. Also, ribaldry may use sex as a metaphor to illustrate some non-sexual concern, in which case ribaldry borders satire. Like any humour, ribaldry may be read as conventional or subversive. Ribaldry typically depends on a shared background of sexual conventions and values, and its comedy generally depends on seeing those conventions broken. The ritual taboo-breaking that is a usual counterpart of ribaldry underlies its controversial nature and explains why ribaldry is sometimes a subject of censorship. Ribaldry, whose usual aim is not "merely" to be sexually stimulating, often does address larger concerns than mere sexual appetite. However, being presented in the form of comedy, these larger concerns may be overlooked by censors. Ribaldry differs from black comedy in that the latter deals with topics which would normally be considered painful or frightening, whereas ribaldry deals with topics that would only be considered offensive. Contents 1 Examples 2 Bawdy song 3 Blue comedy 4 Blue literature 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External links Examples A sexual joke about attraction, based on sexual stereotypes Ribaldry is present to some degree in every culture and has likely been around for all of human history. Works like Lysistrata by Aristophanes, Menaechmi by Plautus, Cena Trimalchionis by Petronius, and The Golden Ass of Apuleius are ribald classics from ancient Greece and Rome. Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Miller's Tale" from his Canterbury Tales and The Crabfish, one of the oldest English traditional ballads, are classic examples. The Frenchman François Rabelais showed himself to be a master of ribaldry (technically called grotesque body) in his Gargantua and other works. The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman by Laurence Sterne and The Lady's Dressing Room by Jonathan Swift are also in this genre; as is Mark Twain's long-suppressed 1601. Another example of ribaldry is "De Brevitate Vitae", a song which in many European-influenced universities is both a student beer-drinking song and an anthem sung by official university choirs at public graduation ceremonies. The private and public versions of the song contain vastly different words. More recent works like Candy, Barbarella, L'Infermiera, the comedic works of Russ Meyer, Little Annie Fanny and John Barth's The Sot-Weed Factor are probably better classified as ribaldry than as either pornography or erotica.[citation needed] Bawdy song A bawdy song is a humorous song that emphasises sexual themes and is often rich with innuendo. Historically these songs tend to be confined to groups of young males, either as students or in an environment where alcohol is flowing freely. An early collection was Wit and Mirth, or Pills to Purge Melancholy, edited by Thomas D'Urfey and published between 1698 and 1720. Selected songs from Wit and Mirth have been recorded by the City Waites and other singers. Sailor's songs tend to be quite frank about the exploitative nature of the relationship between men and women. There are many examples of folk songs in which a man encounters a woman in the countryside. This is followed by a short conversation, and then sexual intercourse, e.g. "The Game of All Fours". Neither side demonstrates any shame or regret. If the woman becomes pregnant, the man will not be there anyway. Rugby songs are often bawdy. Examples of bawdy folk songs are: "Seventeen Come Sunday" and "The Ballad of Eskimo Nell". Robert Burns compiled The Merry Muses of Caledonia (the title is not Burns's), a collection of bawdy lyrics that were popular in the music halls of Scotland as late as the 20th century. In modern times Hash House Harriers have taken on the role of tradition-bearers for this kind of song. The Unexpurgated Folk Songs of Men (Arhoolie 4006) is a gramophone record containing a collection of American bawdy songs recorded in 1959.[2] Blue comedy is comedy that is off-colour, risqué, indecent or profane, largely about sex. It often contains profanity or sexual imagery that may shock and offend some audience members.[citation needed] "Working blue" refers to the act of using swear words and discussing things that people do not discuss in "polite society". A "blue comedian" or "blue comic" is a comedian who usually performs risqué routines layered with curse words. There is a common belief that comedian Max Miller (1894–1963) coined the phrase, after his stage act which involved telling jokes from either a white book or a blue book, chosen by audience preference (the blue book contained ribald jokes). This is not so, as the Oxford English Dictionary contains earlier references to the use of blue to mean ribald: 1890 Sporting Times 25 Jan. 1/1 "Shifter wondered whether the damsel knew any novel blue stories." and 1900 Bulletin (Sydney) 20 Oct. 12/4 "Let someone propose to celebrate Chaucer by publicly reading some of his bluest productions unexpurgated. The reader would probably be locked up." Private events at show business clubs such as the Masquers often showed this blue side of otherwise clean-cut comedians; a recording survives of one Masquers roast from the 1950s with Jack Benny, George Jessel, George Burns, and Art Linkletter all using highly risqué material and obscenities. Many comedians who are normally family-friendly might choose to work blue when off-camera or in an adult-oriented environment; Bob Saget exemplified this dichotomy. Bill Cosby's 1969 record album 8:15 12:15 records both his family-friendly evening standup comedy show, and his blue midnight show, which included a joke about impregnating his wife "right through the old midnight trampoline" (her diaphragm) and other sexual references.[3] Some comedians build their careers on blue comedy. Among the best known of these are Redd Foxx, Lawanda Page, and the team of Leroy and Skillet, all of whom later performed on the family-friendly television show Sanford and Son. Page, Leroy, and Skillet specialised in a particular African American form of blue spoken word recitation called signifying or toasting. Dave Attell has also been described by his peers as one of the greatest modern-day blue comics.[4] On talk radio in the United States and elsewhere, blue comedy is a staple of the shock jock's repertoire. The use of blue comedy over American radio airwaves is severely restricted due to decency regulations; the Federal Communications Commission can levy fines against radio stations that air obscene content. Blue literature As a part of English literature, blue literature dates back to at least Middle English, while bawdy humor is a central element in works of such writers as Shakespeare and Chaucer. Examples of blue literature are also present in various cultures, among different social classes, and genders.[5] Until the 1940s, writers of English-language blue literature were almost exclusively men; since then it has become possible for women to build a commercial career on blue literature.[5]: 170 While no extensive cross-cultural study has been made in an attempt to prove the universality of blue literature, oral tradition around the world suggests that this may be the case.[5]: 169
কংগ্রেস একটি রাজবংশ-চালিত দল বলে প্রায়শ আক্রমণ করে থাকে প্রতিপক্ষ বিজেপি। আর এবার গান্ধী পরিবারই নির্বাচন থেকে দূরে থাকার সিদ্ধান্ত নিয়েছে। ১৯৯৮ সালে সোনিয়া গান্ধীকে সভাপতি করার জন্য পদত্যাগ করেছিলেন সীতারাম কেশরী। এরপর ২৪ বছর পর অ-গান্ধী সভাপতি পাচ্ছে কংগ্রেস। ভারতের স্বাধীনতা সংগ্রামে উল্লেখযোগ্য ভূমিকা রাখা দলটিতে গান্ধী পরিবারের বাইরে ১১ জন সভাপতি ছিলে একজন প্রত্যক্ষদর্শী সাংবাদিক জানান, শহরটির ওরেখোভো গাড়ি বাজারের মাটিতে বা গাড়ির ভেতরে এখনো মৃতদেহগুলো পড়ে আছে। ক্ষেপণাস্ত্রের আঘাতে বাজারের গাড়ির দুটি লাইনের কাছে একটি গর্ত তৈরি হয়েছে। জাপোরিঝজিয়ায় ইউক্রেনীয় গভর্নর টেলিগ্রামে লিখেছেন, এ পর্যন্ত ২৩ জন নিহত ও ২৮ জন আহত হয়েছে। সবাই বেসামরিক। ক্ষেপণাস্ত্রের বিস্ফোরণে চারদিকে ধ্বংসাবশেষ ছড়িয়ে ছিটিয়ে পড়ে, শার্পনেলের আঘাতে গাড়িগুলো ঝাঁঝড়া হয়ে যায়। বহরের অধিকাংশ গাড়ি ও তিনটি মাইক্রোবাসের জানালা উড়ে যায়। পুলিশ ও জরুরি বিভাগের কর্মীরা হতাহতদের সরিয়ে নিতে ঘটনাস্থলে উপস্থিত হন। কংগ্রেস একটি রাজবংশ-চালিত দল বলে প্রায়শ আক্রমণ করে থাকে প্রতিপক্ষ বিজেপি। আর এবার গান্ধী পরিবারই নির্বাচন থেকে দূরে থাকার সিদ্ধান্ত নিয়েছে। ১৯৯৮ সালে সোনিয়া গান্ধীকে সভাপতি করার জন্য পদত্যাগ করেছিলেন সীতারাম কেশরী। এরপর ২৪ বছর পর অ-গান্ধী সভাপতি পাচ্ছে কংগ্রেস। ভারতের স্বাধীনতা সংগ্রামে উল্লেখযোগ্য ভূমিকা রাখা দলটিতে গান্ধী পরিবারের বাইরে ১১ জন সভাপতি ছিলে একজন প্রত্যক্ষদর্শী সাংবাদিক জানান, শহরটির ওরেখোভো গাড়ি বাজারের মাটিতে বা গাড়ির ভেতরে এখনো মৃতদেহগুলো পড়ে আছে। ক্ষেপণাস্ত্রের আঘাতে বাজারের গাড়ির দুটি লাইনের কাছে একটি গর্ত তৈরি হয়েছে। জাপোরিঝজিয়ায় ইউক্রেনীয় গভর্নর টেলিগ্রামে লিখেছেন, এ পর্যন্ত ২৩ জন নিহত ও ২৮ জন আহত হয়েছে। সবাই বেসামরিক। ক্ষেপণাস্ত্রের বিস্ফোরণে চারদিকে ধ্বংসাবশেষ ছড়িয়ে ছিটিয়ে পড়ে, শার্পনেলের আঘাতে গাড়িগুলো ঝাঁঝড়া হয়ে যায়। বহরের অধিকাংশ গাড়ি ও তিনটি মাইক্রোবাসের জানালা উড়ে যায়। পুলিশ ও জরুরি বিভাগের কর্মীরা হতাহতদের সরিয়ে নিতে ঘটনাস্থলে উপস্থিত হন। On 12 April 2022, Sunak was issued with a fixed penalty notice after the Metropolitan Police believed he had breached COVID lockdown restrictions by attending a birthday রয়টার্স জানিয়েছে, গাড়িগুলো আরোহীদের জিনিসপত্র, কম্বল ও সুইকেসে ভরা ছিল। হলুদ রঙের একটি গাড়ির চালকের আসনে বসা এক ব্যক্তির মৃতদেহ কাত হয়ে যাত্রীর আসনে পড়ে আছে, তার বাম হাত তখনও গাড়ির স্টিয়ারিং হুইল ধরে আছে। Litterfall is characterized as fresh, undecomposed, and easily recognizable (by species and type) plant debris. This can be anything from leaves, cones, needles, twigs, bark, seeds/nuts, logs, or reproductive organs (e.g. the stamen of flowering plants). Items larger than 2 cm diameter are referred to as coarse litter, while anything smaller is referred to as fine litter or litter. The type of litterfall is most directly affected by ecosystem type. For example, leaf tissues account for about 70 percent of litterfall in forests, but woody litter tends to increase with forest age.[2] In grasslands, there is very little aboveground perennial tissue so the annual litterfall is very low and quite nearly equal to the net primary production.[3] In soil science, soil litter is classified in three layers, which form on the surface of the O Horizon. These are the L, F, and H layers:[4] L – organic horizon characterized by relatively undecomposed plant material (described above). F – organic horizon found beneath L characterized by accumulation of partly decomposed organic matter. H – organic horizon below F characterized by accumulation of fully decomposed organic matter mostly indiscernible The litter layer is quite variable in its thickness, decomposition rate and nutrient content and is affected in part by seasonality, plant species, climate, soil fertility, elevation, and latitude.[1] The most extreme variability of litterfall is seen as a function of seasonality; each individual species of plant has seasonal losses of certain parts of its body, which can be determined by the collection and classification of plant litterfall throughout the year, and in turn affects the thickness of the litter layer. In tropical environments, the largest amount of debris falls in the latter part of dry seasons and early during wet season.[5] As a result of this variability due to seasons, the decomposition rate for any given area will also be variable. Litter fall in the North American Baldcypress Swamp Network, Illinois to Louisiana, 2003[6] Latitude also has a strong effect on litterfall rates and thickness. Specifically, litterfall declines with increasing latitude. In tropical rainforests, there is a thin litter layer due to the rapid decomposition,[7] while in boreal forests, the rate of decomposition is slower and leads to the accumulation of a thick litter layer, also known as a mor.[3] Net primary production works inversely to this trend, suggesting that the accumulation of organic matter is mainly a result of decomposition rate. Surface detritus facilitates the capture and infiltration of rainwater into lower soil layers. Soil litter protects soil aggregates from raindrop impact, preventing the release of clay and silt particles from plugging soil pores.[8] Releasing clay and silt particles reduces the capacity for soil to absorb water and increases cross surface flow, accelerating soil erosion. In addition soil litter reduces wind erosion by preventing soil from losing moisture and providing cover preventing soil transportation. Organic matter accumulation also helps protect soils from wildfire damage. Soil litter can be completely removed depending on intensity and severity of wildfires and season.[9] Regions with high frequency wildfires have reduced vegetation density and reduced soil litter accumulation. Climate also influences the depth of plant litter. Typically humid tropical and sub-tropical climates have reduced organic matter layers and horizons due to year-round decomposition and high vegetation density and growth. In temperate and cold climates, litter tends to accumulate and decompose slower due to a shorter growing season. Net primary productivity Net primary production and litterfall are intimately connected. In every terrestrial ecosystem, the largest fraction of all net primary production is lost to herbivores and litter fall.[citation needed] Due to their interconnectedness, global patterns of litterfall are similar to global patterns of net primary productivity.[3] Plant litter, which can be made up of fallen leaves, twigs, seeds, flowers, and other woody debris, makes up a large portion of above ground net primary production of all terrestrial ecosystems. Fungus plays a large role in cycling the nutrients from the plant litter back into the ecosystem. [10] Habitat and food Litter provides habitat for a variety of organisms. Plants Common wood sorrel (Oxalis acetosella) in Ivanovo Oblast, Russia Certain plants are specially adapted for germinating and thriving in the litter layers. For example, bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) shoots puncture the layer to emerge in spring. Some plants with rhizomes, such as common wood sorrel (Oxalis acetosella) do well in this habitat.[7] Detritivores and other decomposers Fungi in the forest floor (Marselisborg Forests in Denmark) A skink, Eutropis multifasciata, in leaf litter in Sabah, Malaysia Many organisms that live on the forest floor are decomposers, such as fungi. Organisms whose diet consists of plant detritus, such as earthworms, are termed detritivores. The community of decomposers in the litter layer also includes bacteria, amoeba, nematodes, rotifer, tardigrades, springtails, cryptostigmata, potworms, insect larvae, mollusks, oribatid mites, woodlice, and millipedes.[7] Even some species of microcrustaceans, especially copepods (for instance Bryocyclops spp., Graeteriella spp.,Olmeccyclops hondo, Moraria spp.,Bryocamptus spp., Atheyella spp.)[11] live in moist leaf litter habitats and play an important role as predators and decomposers.[12] The consumption of the litterfall by decomposers results in the breakdown of simple carbon compounds into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O), and releases inorganic ions (like nitrogen and phosphorus) into the soil where the surrounding plants can then reabsorb the nutrients that were shed as litterfall. In this way, litterfall becomes an important part of the nutrient cycle that sustains forest environments. As litter decomposes, nutrients are released into the environment. The portion of the litter that is not readily decomposable is known as humus. Litter aids in soil moisture retention by cooling the ground surface and holding moisture in decaying organic matter. The flora and fauna working to decompose soil litter also aid in soil respiration. A litter layer of decomposing biomass provides a continuous energy source for macro- and micro-organisms.[13] RE: jocadocarm You May Qualify For A Settlement!
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Early life Ulf Kristersson was born in Lund, Skåne County, to Lars Kristersson (1938–2015) and Karin Kristersson.[6] The family moved to Torshälla outside Eskilstuna five years later.[7] In his youth, Kristersson was a troupe gymnast.[8] Kristersson finished secondary school at S:t Eskils gymnasium in Eskilstuna. After graduating, Kristersson did military service as a platoon commander at Uppland Regiment from 1983 to 1984[9] and completed a degree in economics at Uppsala University.[10] Early political career In connection with the 1985 Swedish general election, he was employed as a campaigner at the Moderate Youth League (MUF) in Sörmland.[11] On 26 November 1988, he rose to become the new Chairman of MUF, succeeding Beatrice Ask.[12] In 1991, the center-right Bildt Cabinet took power, and Kristersson became an MP.[13] He served on the Social Security Committee. He soon becomes a vocal critic of the government's crisis agreement with Social Democrats. At the time, Kristersson developed a friendship with the former party leader, Gösta Bohman, who, in some respects, also supported his criticism of the Bildt Cabinet.[14] In 1992, Kristersson was challenged as chairman of MUF by Fredrik Reinfeldt.[15] The congress was preceded by considerable ideological divisions between liberals and conservatives. All this erupted at the congress in Lycksele, which came to be known as the Battle of Lycksele.[16] Kristersson, the liberal alternative, lost narrowly. It is said that his loss caused his withdrawal from front-line politics and he was subsequently known as part of the "Lost Generation" of the Moderate Party.[17] From 1995 to 1998, Kristersson was chief of marketing at Timbro, a free market think-tank, while also working in parliament. In 1994 he also released the book Non-working Generation at Timbros publishing company. In the book Kristersson argues against the welfare institutions in Sweden and compares these to apartheid because he considered these institutions to force people into passivity.[18] Career outside politics Kristersson left his parliamentary seat in April 2000, feeling that the new party leader Bo Lundgren had declined his services.[19] Kristersson worked for two years in the private sector, mainly as communications director and VP for the internet consultancy Adcore,[20] a dotcom crash casualty. Kristersson was chairman of the Swedish Adoption Center (Adoptionscenter). During his time as chairman, information emerged that the centre handled adoptions of children trafficked from China.[21] Municipal politics He returned to active politics in 2002 as Commissioner (Mayor) for Finance in Strängnäs and served there until 2006.[7] In 2006, he was appointed Vice Mayor (Socialborgarråd) in Stockholm, responsible for the social welfare and labor division.[6] During this time Kristersson got a rental contract for a five-room apartment in central Stockholm from Ersta Diakonisällskap. Due to that, Stockholm city was contracting and gave economical aid to Ersta Diakonisällskap, that, among other things provided for housing for those in social need. An investigation was started and Kristersson and another person in the associations leadership were suspected of bribery. According to a internal policy document, the apartments in the building was reserved for those newly employed by the association and students at Marie Cederschiöld högskola. The investigation was closed with the motivation that Kristersson did not have direct influence over the aid that the association could give.[22] Fredrik Reinfeldt also asked Kristersson to lead the committee responsible for developing a new family policy for the party.[17] He immediately caused controversy by suggesting that fathers must take a month of paternity leave for the family to receive all benefits.[7] This was clearly conflicted with traditional Moderate Party policy, which has centered on individual choice.[7] Return to national politics On 5 October 2010, Fredrik Reinfeldt appointed Kristersson to become Minister of Social Security, a position he held for four years.[23] After the 2014 Swedish general election, the Reinfeldt cabinet resigned, but Kristersson was elected as MP again, this time for Södermanland County.[24] Following Reinfeldt's resignation as party leader, Anna Kinberg Batra appointed him as Shadow Finance Minister.[25] কংগ্রেস একটি রাজবংশ-চালিত দল বলে প্রায়শ আক্রমণ করে থাকে প্রতিপক্ষ বিজেপি। আর এবার গান্ধী পরিবারই নির্বাচন থেকে দূরে থাকার সিদ্ধান্ত নিয়েছে। ১৯৯৮ সালে সোনিয়া গান্ধীকে সভাপতি করার জন্য পদত্যাগ করেছিলেন সীতারাম কেশরী। এরপর ২৪ বছর পর অ-গান্ধী সভাপতি পাচ্ছে কংগ্রেস। ভারতের স্বাধীনতা সংগ্রামে উল্লেখযোগ্য ভূমিকা রাখা দলটিতে গান্ধী পরিবারের বাইরে ১১ জন সভাপতি ছিলে একজন প্রত্যক্ষদর্শী সাংবাদিক জানান, শহরটির ওরেখোভো গাড়ি বাজারের মাটিতে বা গাড়ির ভেতরে এখনো মৃতদেহগুলো পড়ে আছে। ক্ষেপণাস্ত্রের আঘাতে বাজারের গাড়ির দুটি লাইনের কাছে একটি গর্ত তৈরি হয়েছে। জাপোরিঝজিয়ায় ইউক্রেনীয় গভর্নর টেলিগ্রামে লিখেছেন, এ পর্যন্ত ২৩ জন নিহত ও ২৮ জন আহত হয়েছে। সবাই বেসামরিক। ক্ষেপণাস্ত্রের বিস্ফোরণে চারদিকে ধ্বংসাবশেষ ছড়িয়ে ছিটিয়ে পড়ে, শার্পনেলের আঘাতে গাড়িগুলো ঝাঁঝড়া হয়ে যায়। বহরের অধিকাংশ গাড়ি ও তিনটি মাইক্রোবাসের জানালা উড়ে যায়। পুলিশ ও জরুরি বিভাগের কর্মীরা হতাহতদের সরিয়ে নিতে ঘটনাস্থলে উপস্থিত হন। কংগ্রেস একটি রাজবংশ-চালিত দল বলে প্রায়শ আক্রমণ করে থাকে প্রতিপক্ষ বিজেপি। আর এবার গান্ধী পরিবারই নির্বাচন থেকে দূরে থাকার সিদ্ধান্ত নিয়েছে। ১৯৯৮ সালে সোনিয়া গান্ধীকে সভাপতি করার জন্য পদত্যাগ করেছিলেন সীতারাম কেশরী। এরপর ২৪ বছর পর অ-গান্ধী সভাপতি পাচ্ছে কংগ্রেস। ভারতের স্বাধীনতা সংগ্রামে উল্লেখযোগ্য ভূমিকা রাখা দলটিতে গান্ধী পরিবারের বাইরে ১১ জন সভাপতি ছিলে একজন প্রত্যক্ষদর্শী সাংবাদিক জানান, শহরটির ওরেখোভো গাড়ি বাজারের মাটিতে বা গাড়ির ভেতরে এখনো মৃতদেহগুলো পড়ে আছে। ক্ষেপণাস্ত্রের আঘাতে বাজারের গাড়ির দুটি লাইনের কাছে একটি গর্ত তৈরি হয়েছে। জাপোরিঝজিয়ায় ইউক্রেনীয় গভর্নর টেলিগ্রামে লিখেছেন, এ পর্যন্ত ২৩ জন নিহত ও ২৮ জন আহত হয়েছে। সবাই বেসামরিক। ক্ষেপণাস্ত্রের বিস্ফোরণে চারদিকে ধ্বংসাবশেষ ছড়িয়ে ছিটিয়ে পড়ে, শার্পনেলের আঘাতে গাড়িগুলো ঝাঁঝড়া হয়ে যায়। বহরের অধিকাংশ গাড়ি ও তিনটি মাইক্রোবাসের জানালা উড়ে যায়। পুলিশ ও জরুরি বিভাগের কর্মীরা হতাহতদের সরিয়ে নিতে ঘটনাস্থলে উপস্থিত হন। On 12 April 2022, Sunak was issued with a fixed penalty notice after the Metropolitan Police believed he had breached COVID lockdown restrictions by attending a birthday রয়টার্স জানিয়েছে, গাড়িগুলো আরোহীদের জিনিসপত্র, কম্বল ও সুইকেসে ভরা ছিল। হলুদ রঙের একটি গাড়ির চালকের আসনে বসা এক ব্যক্তির মৃতদেহ কাত হয়ে যাত্রীর আসনে পড়ে আছে, তার বাম হাত তখনও গাড়ির স্টিয়ারিং হুইল ধরে আছে।
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